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The Original Language David
Grant Stewart, Sr. (c)
2008 Chapter 3 We will go through the Assyrian records first, as stated previously.
Assyrian uses only a few characters for their meanings, and those meanings
are simplified to the point of being mere labels. They are no longer the
exhaustive descriptions we will see in the original language. The vast
majority of the characters are used in Assyrian only for their sound,
normally only one syllable per character. Even so, everything we learn in
Assyrian will carry over as a fragment of the original language, as we will
see. All characters which retain a fragment of their original
meaning in later languages are called determinatives, because they determine
the meaning to be applied to the sounds represented. Here is a starter list of characters used in Assyrian as
determinatives, together with the way they were pronounced in Assyrian
[usually quite different from the original sound], and the fragment of the
original meanings retained. Alternate forms are listed vertically. Where I disagree with scholars, I have put my
pronunciation in brackets. It will be seen that my corrections bring Assyrian
into greater proximity with Hebrew. In the sounds column I have also included explanations to
bring the available fonts into conformity with the ancient usage. For example, if I have said #, but without the
last vertical stroke /, it means that the character b
was not available in any of my fonts. Obviously all three characters are
available in this instance, but now we can use a much wider range of
characters than we actually have available if we can use other characters
with a brief explanation of how the original character differs. As in the previous charts, in many cases I have to
assemble a character from several different fonts, which explains why the
strokes are not always uniform. The first character in the chart below is
such an example, where you see that the wide end of the wedge is hollow. These determinatives are prefixed to the word modified: Character Sound in Assyrian Meaning retained
in Assyrian A/ N ILU [EL] god, goddess God heavenly body / man person. ! without last two marks adult female t“/ ALU city many-people town A MATU country aG without the t NAHRU [NAHAR or NEHOR] river [NAHAR] great river [NEHOR] Jaredite name for city built
on east bank of “/// BITU [BETH] house I RUKHU [RUAKH] point of compass wind 7 The horizontal stroke is at the top instead of at the
bottom. TULU [TEL, as in TEL AVIV] hill mound (z ABNU [EBEN] stone uz ILLU metal “ ETSU [ETS] tree wood 1 KANU cane grass reeds Ancestor of our words “cane” and “cannon” and the Latin
word for “tube.” $,}}z ITSURU bird 4A/// insect @ bureaucrat t:: BILU [BAAL] a ruler M- SERU body or limb ta tz all one character ARKHU month & LUBUSTU clothing ppzag u“;; CACABU [KOKAUB] star The Assyrian cuneiform characters are a very small subset of
the original language, so we will have occasion to add a great many more
characters when we get to Sumerian, That will be a long and tedious process,
so for now let’s get on with Assyrian, Babylonian, Akkadian, and Ugaritic. These determinatives are affixed to the word modified: |